Are affirmative action programs ever necessary or just?

Are affirmative action programs ever necessary or just?

Are affirmative action programs ever necessary or just? While the admirable goal of these programs is to boost equality (or equal opportunity) don't they cause definite lowering of standards (compared to a pure meritocracy)? Further, isn't there also resentment of the non-preferred group to be dealt with? Finally, how long should such programs be kept running?

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