I have two question abouts logic. In occidental thought, logic generally is presented as bi-polar (no pun intended); however, I am not quite sure of the 'correct' formulation. Is it: either "A is true," or "not A is true" or is it: Either "A is true," or "A is not true." and if you could expand on the distinction a little perhaps? More interesting, to me, is that I have heard the assertion that there also exists a "quadrant" logical system that also works. Either: "A is true" or " Not A is true" or "Neither A nor Not A are true" or "Both A nor Not A are true" This latter form of logic seems to work for things like polarization of light, for example (if you have a vertical polarizer in front of a horizontal polarizer, no light gets through; but if you insert a polarizer at a 45 degree angle in between the two, some light gets through). I can think of some other examples as well; I prefer to hear your responses.