Could questions in the philosophy of language in principle be answered in terms of the structures of the human brain? Might we imagine, for instance, pointing at a certain lobe and saying "Well, this shows that Russell was wrong about denotation"?

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Well, I don't know if it could be quite like that, but one dominant approach to contemporary linguistic theory holds that questions like, "How do descriptions work in natural language?" are ultimately questions about the psychology of competent speakers. Assuming that (cognitive) psychology in some sense or other ultimately reduces to facts about the brain, it follows that the question how descriptions work in natural language is, in some sense, a question about the brain. But the nature of the relation between psychology and brain-facts is the difficult question here.

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