In terms of a more universal perspective, what do you believe is the universal cause of all human actions? I believe self-gratification is the answer. I believe that in every action we make involves self-gratification in one way or another. I believe that on a subconscious level we analysis which actions will make us happier and most often choose the one that leads us to it. My only flaw that I know of about my assumption is service to others (via volunteer services). Yet I feel somehow some of the situations that arise during volunteer services can arise from someone else's need for self-gratification. I wanted a more professional opinion on the matter as well as perhaps an evaluation on my assumption.