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Physics
Science
Space

Science states that space is endless, and ever expanding. But, if we are inside the planet earth, the planet earth is inside the galaxy, the galaxy is inside space, then what is space inside? What is it expanding in? And if space is endless, how can it expand?

Space is not expanding "in" anything else. The distances between points in space are increasing, but not because they are moving through some "superspace" that contains space. Mathematicians distinguish between two different approaches to defining geometric properties of a space: the extrinsic approach and the intrinsic approach. The extrinsic approach involves relating the space to some larger space that it sits inside; the intrinsic approach makes use of only the space itself, and not some larger space that it sits inside. For example, suppose we want to study the curvature of the surface of the earth. One way to see that the surface of the earth is curved is to image a flat plane tangent to the surface of the earth at some point. We can detect and measure the curvature of the surface of the earth by noting that the surface deviates from the tangent plane, and measuring the size of this deviation. But this deviation takes place within the 3-dimensional space that the surface of the...
Science

Even if determinism has been somewhat refuted by Quantum Uncertainty (a fact that is peddled by the layman, and never acknowledged by the leading scientists - Einstein, Bohr etc.), isn't it still the case that all events on a slightly larger scale are still determined. After all a gust of wind isn't random (as to transcend causation). Determinism is, in part, the prerequisite to sanity as none of us expect the Earth to stop turning or our cars to stop working for no mechanically justified reason. As a note of interest, a computer cannot be programed to do something random.

I'd just like to add one comment to Peter's response. His statement that "most large scale systems behave as if they were governed by deterministic laws" is not only compatible with quantum mechanics, it is actually predicted by quantum mechanics. In most cases, quantum mechanics predicts that a large scale system will, with probability only slightly less than 1, behave according to the laws of classical mechanics.